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From Arrest To Adjudication Research Paper

¶ … Fourth Amendment states that law enforcement officers need to receive permission from a legal authority in order to be able to look for evidence or seize objects that might contribute to providing information concerning a criminal act. The context of the amendment and the process of incorporation mean that it can only protect individuals when government officials are involved. It does not protect people in a situation concerning private individuals and this generates much confusion with regard to the degree to which a warrant can affect a person. The Fourth Amendment:

"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized."

A law enforcement officer needs to convince a neutral magistrate that there is probable cause for a warrant to be released in order for the respective request to be justified. Probable cause requires evidence that can be supported by facts and this means that a warrant cannot be issued on suspicion alone. The concept practically means that a warrant requires a consistent reason in order to be issued. Suspicion needs to have a solid ground in order for it to generate a search process. "An officer can suspect that somebody is involved in a crime and that there is evidence to be found at the person's home, but without any facts to justify such a suspicion, a search warrant shall not be issued by a judge." (Galiano, 2011, p. 23) The concept of probable cause is divisive as a consequence to how it can refer to a statistical probability when...

An official who is discovered to have lied in order to obtain a warrant cannot use evidence gathered through the case, regardless if the respective information could be used with the purpose of convicting the individual.
The Fourth Amendment is specific with the purpose of making it mandatory for an official to provide a magistrate with information concerning the crime that has been committed and the location where the search will take place. Individuals devising the document were completely against the idea of the authorities issuing general warrants. Warrants need to be of a specific nature, as only this can make it possible for the community to protect the rights of the individual (Galiano, 2011, p. 24).

A situation involving a person who is a suspect in a criminal case and who is likely to escape as long as law enforcement officers do not enter the premises of the location where the person is can influence officials to search without having a warrant. The fact that they know that the suspect is going to attempt to evade as long as they do not intervene is considered grounds for them to ignore the Fourth Amendment and enter the location regardless of the fact that they do not own a warrant. If residents of a particular location are unwilling or unable to open the door when law enforcement officers require it and suspect that it is essential for them to enter the premises, the respective officials can enter even with the fact that they do not have a warrant. Such situations can involve a criminal trying to escape, evidence…

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Galiano, D. (2011). The Fourth Amendment. The Rosen Publishing Group.
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